For example, Clarke and Searle proposed the active building that integrates renewable energy technologies for electricity, heat, and transport and reduces operational energy consumption and carbon emissions by maximizing locally generated renewable energy utilization. Meanwhile, distributed energy systems-based users will transform from passive energy consumers to active, flexible prosumers. It mainly includes energy production unit, transport unit, and storage unit. Depending on users’ energy scale requirements, they can be divided into household-level, building-level, and community-level. Īfter nearly 20 years of development, distributed energy systems rely on clean fossil fuels or renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, hydrogen, solar energy, and wind energy, and are arranged near the users’ side, which can realize poly-generation of electricity, heating, and cooling. Based on the current development and applications, this review suggests the distributed energy system is a small-scale integrated energy supply system based on renewable energy or clean fossil fuels as energy source, isolated or connected only to the power distribution network, which is scalable as technology advances and evolves. pointed out that there is no internationally accepted definition of distributed generation and considered that distributed generation is an electric power generation source connected to the distributed network. It is an energy system arranged near the customer to meet its energy demand. The distributed energy system is relative to centralized energy supply methods such as large power grids and plants. Different designations of distributed energy systems are introduced in the monograph, such as distributed generation, decentralized generation, distributed power generation, and distributed energy sources. In 2010, Yang published a monograph “Distributed energy system”. In 2006, Alanne and Saari discussed the concept of distributed energy systems by analogy with information systems and summarized the pros and cons of a distributed energy system from flexibility, reliability, local and global well-being of humans, environment, and utilization of local resources and networks. However, there is no consistent, precise concept or definition of a distributed energy system. Therefore, as an effective complement to centralized energy systems, distributed energy system has been proposed and has become a research topic as a kind of energy system. In all, more research is required for distributed energy systems based on an integrated energy perspective in optimal system structure, hybrid modeling approaches, data-driven system state estimation, cross-system disturbance spread, and multi-subject interaction control.ĭecarbonization, decentralization, and digitalization will be the leading energy systems driven by technology and the market. The system’s optimal operation and scheduling strategies, disturbance analysis, and related control methods are also discussed from the power system and thermal system, respectively. Further, this review presents four modeling perspectives for optimizing and analyzing distributed energy systems, including energy hub, thermodynamics, heat current, and data-driven. Under the regional environmental, resource, and policy constraints, planning distributed energy systems should fully integrate technical, economic, environmental, and social factors and consider device characteristics, system architecture, and source-load uncertainties. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive summary and presents the current research on distributed energy systems in three dimensions: system planning and evaluation, modeling and optimization, and operation and control. Distributed energy system, a decentralized low-carbon energy system arranged at the customer side, is characterized by multi-energy complementarity, multi-energy flow synergy, multi-process coupling, and multi-temporal scales (n-M characteristics).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |